Grammar - 指示词 Demonstratives (this/that/these/those)
语法要点
this · 一个 + 近
表示离自己比较近的一个人或东西。记忆：this/these → HERE（这里）。
This book is mine.
This boy is my friend.
that · 一个 + 远
表示离自己比较远的一个人或东西。记忆：that/those → THERE（那里）。
That dog is cute.
Who is that man over there?
these · 多个 + 近
表示离自己比较近的多个人或东西。
These books are mine.
These birds over here are chirping.
those · 多个 + 远
表示离自己比较远的多个人或东西。
Those trees are very tall.
Can you clean those shelves at the back of the classroom?
特殊表达 · this instant
固定表达，意思是"立刻、马上"，不能按普通的"一个/多个、近/远"规则去判断，要整体记住。
容易搞错的地方
this
this 表示"一个 + 近"，靠近说话人
This book is mine.
that
that 表示"一个 + 远"，离说话人比较远
Who is that man over there?
these
these 表示"多个 + 近"，常和 over here 搭配
These birds over here are chirping.
those
those 表示"多个 + 远"，常和 over there / at the back of 搭配
Can you clean those shelves at the back of the classroom?
总结
判断两步法：第一步看名词是一个还是多个（this/that 用于一个，these/those 用于多个）；第二步看距离是近还是远（this/these 用于近，that/those 用于远）
"口诀：This 一个在这里，These 多个在这里，That 一个在那里，Those 多个在那里"
"常见提示词：here / over here → this/these；there / over there → that/those"
"this instant = right now = 马上、立刻（固定表达，不按一般规则判断）"