Grammar - 形容词的比较级和最高级 Comparative and Superlative
语法要点
什么是原级、比较级、最高级
原级就是形容词本来的样子;比较级表示"更……",通常两个人或物比较;最高级表示"最……",通常三个或以上一起比较,前面常有 the。
Tom is taller than Ben.
Tom is the tallest boy in the class.
This flower is more beautiful than that one.
规则一:短单词直接加 -er / -est
大多数一个音节的短单词,直接在词尾加 er 变比较级,加 est 变最高级。
tall → taller → tallest
small → smaller → smallest
long → longer → longest
fast → faster → fastest
规则二:以 e 结尾,只加 -r / -st
单词最后已经有字母 e,就不再加 e,只加 r 或 st。
nice → nicer → nicest
large → larger → largest
wide → wider → widest
规则三:辅音字母 + y 结尾,y 变 i 再加 -er / -est
形容词以"辅音字母 + y"结尾时,先把 y 变成 i,再加 er 或 est。
happy → happier → happiest
heavy → heavier → heaviest
easy → easier → easiest
规则四:重读闭音节单词,双写末尾字母再加 -er / -est
一些很短的单词(元音+辅音结尾),要先双写最后一个字母,再加 er 或 est。
big → bigger → biggest
hot → hotter → hottest
thin → thinner → thinnest
规则五:长单词用 more / most
比较长的形容词(通常两个音节以上),不在词尾加 er/est,而是在前面加 more 表示"更……",加 the most 表示"最……"。
beautiful → more beautiful → the most beautiful
expensive → more expensive → the most expensive
interesting → more interesting → the most interesting
difficult → more difficult → the most difficult
规则六:特殊变化,要直接记住
有几个常用形容词不按普通规则变化,需要单独记住。
good → better → best
bad → worse → worst
many/much → more → most
little → less → least
than 是比较级的好朋友
看到 than(比……),通常要想到用比较级。
Tom is taller than Ben.
My bag is heavier than yours.
This flower is more beautiful than that one.
the 是最高级的好朋友
最高级前面通常要加 the。
Tom is the tallest boy in the class.
This is the most beautiful flower.
Amy is the best student.
容易搞错的地方
This bag is more heavier.(❌ 错误)
heavier 已经是比较级,前面不能再加 more,重复使用了两种比较方法
❌ This book is more taller than that one.
This bag is heavier.(✅ 正确)
短单词直接加 er 变成比较级,不需要再加 more
✅ This book is taller than that one.
This is the beautifulest flower.(❌ 错误)
beautiful 是长单词,不能直接加 est
❌ This is the interestingest book.
This is the most beautiful flower.(✅ 正确)
长单词要用 the most + 形容词表示最高级
✅ This is the most interesting book.
This book is gooder than that one.(❌ 错误)
good 是特殊变化的形容词,不能直接加 er
❌ This is the goodest book.
This book is better than that one.(✅ 正确)
good 的比较级要单独记住,是 better
✅ This is the best book.
总结
原级是形容词本来的样子;比较级"更……",通常两个比;最高级"最……",通常三个及以上比,前面常有 the
短单词:直接加 er / est(tall→taller→tallest)
以 e 结尾:只加 r / st(nice→nicer→nicest)
辅音+y 结尾:y 变 i 再加 er / est(happy→happier→happiest)
短元辅音结尾:双写末尾字母再加 er / est(big→bigger→biggest)
长单词:用 more / the most(beautiful→more beautiful→the most beautiful)
特殊变化要记住:good→better→best,bad→worse→worst
超级口诀:两个比,更……;大家比,最……;短单词 er/est,长单词 more/most,好坏特殊单独记!